andrews



(NoModeL) I 4 smea -Sheet 1.

" W. D. ANDREWS.

MEANS FOR PROOURING' $UPPLIES OF WATER FROM TUBULAR WELL$- No. 349.379

Patented Sept. 21, 1886.v R IF. I v

- (Named e1.) 4Sheets-Sheet W; D. ANDREWS. W

MEANS FOR PROQUBINGSUPPLIES OF WATER PROM TUBULAR WELLS.

. No. 349,379. Patented'Sept. 21, 1886.

(No Model.) 4She'ets-Sheet 3.

W. D. ANDREWS. MEANS. FOR PROGURING SUPPLIES OP WATER FROM TUBULAR WELLS.

'No. 349,379. v I Patented-SephQ-l, 1886.

( Nd Model.)

. I w. D. ANDREWS. MEANS FOR PROGURING SUPPLIES OF WATER FROM TUBUL v No. 349,379. Patented Sept. 21,

. g q d N k a) Wrzemsew frzarz/on:

. grit which may be drawn up with the water,

1870; and the invention consists in novel coniand from each other, to secure the most copi- I, the ready ascent or discharge of all the air whiehmay leak in through any of the tubelocity ol' the water in the suction-mains as it than for. amextended system of water-supply means of a pump which may be operated con from the receiver and from the suction-mains freezing in the system when the pump is so ATENT FFICE.

WILLIAM DRAPER ANDREWS, or BROOKHAVEN, new YORK.

MEANS FOR PROCURING SUPPLIES OF WATER FROM TUBULAR WELLS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 349.379, dated September 21,1886.

Application filed April 20, 1886.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM DRAPER ANDREWS, of the town of Brookhaven, inthe county of Suflolk and State of New York, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Means for Proouring Supplies of Water from Tubular WVells, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in a plant of gang-wells, as originally patented by Jehyleman Shaw, under date of April 4,

binations of parts and features ,of construcby the use of tube-wells inserted directly into the earth and remaining fixed therein.

In carrying out my invention I employ a form of pump, and which has extending or each main having at intervals in its length cross-pipes, whereby are connected with it tube/wells arranged at the side or sides of the main and at a suitable distance therefrom ous supply of water.

The objects of my invention are to provide for the ready construction and connection of the several parts of the system, and also to provide for extending the system at any time at small additional cost; also, to provide for wells or connections into the central receiver, and for exhausting such air therefrom by tinuously without drawing any water; also, to provide for the ready cleaning of the welltubes. and their cross-pipes whenever dcsired;-- also, to provide for the free return of water and cross-pipes through the, well-tubes to the earth, in case the pump shall be stopped for any reason, and to avoid liability of water stopped; also, to provide for adccreased venears the central receiver, and the subsidence and collection in the receiver .of all. sand and Serial No. 199,557. (No model.)

and the ready removal ot'such sand and grit" quality, and for the exclusion from sueh,welltube of the Water in any stratum through which the tube may pass, and in which the water is not of desired quality.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is aplan of a central receiver withsuction-mains and cross-pipes connecting well-tubes with the mains. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the receiver and suction'mains. Fig. 3 is asectional elevation of the receiver on the plane of the dotted line, w as, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar view of the receiver on the plane of the dotted line y 3 Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transverse sec tion through one of thesuction-mains on the plane of the dotted line z 2, Fig. 1,sh0w-ing two well tubes which embody my invention as connected therewith. Fig. 6 is an elevation, on a larger scale, of portions of one of these specially-constructed well tubes. Fig. 7 is an elevation,upon a larger scale, of a portion of a suctionrnain and a well-tube connected therewith by a cross-pipe, and Fig.8 is a plan of a portion of the suction-main on the same. scale as Fig. 7 ,showing special sections thereof with whichcross-pipes are to be connected.

Similar letters of reference designate con responding parts in all the figures.

A designates a receiver, which may consist of a closed oylindric iron vessel or-tank,pref- 'erably of a diametenat least equal to two or pump may be connected for withdrawing wa ter from the receiver. I have also shown a portion of another main extending-from the receiver at a point opposite the suction-pipe B. These mains each comprise sections 0 C a with the section 0" are connected cross:

pipes D, each leading froni the head of a welltube or drive-well, E. The final section of the main, which is connected directly with the receiver, consists of a flanged pipe,which may have a length about nine times the inner diameter of the principal portion of the main, and which is of a gradually-inereasing diameter from its outermost end toward the receiver. The inner diameter of the larger end of the section Gwhich attaches to .the receiver may be proportioned as about eighteen to ten to the inner diameter of its smaller end,whieh is of the same diameter as the principal portion of the suction-main. These expanding r 5 or taper main sections G have horizontal axes which are at rightangles to the perpendicular sides of the receiver. Freeway gate-valves care attached to the outer smaller ends of the taper sections 0, and to these valves are attached the general suction-mai us, each of which e'onsists of alternate long plain sections G,and short' sections, or, as I term them, special sections, 0 of flanged pipe. Each of the long plain sections Uinay be composed of one or more lengths of flanged pipe, according to the distance desired between two special sections 0". The construction of thcsespecial sections 0" will be best understood from Figs. 7 and 8. They each have branches or bends 0' upon their opposite, horizontal sides, which are curved forward toward the receiver, and the inner areas of which are at least equal to that of lheir connecting cross-pipes l). The curved lateral branches 1: have perpendicular flanges 5 eat their outer ends, and to each flange is attached, at right angles to the suctionmain, a freeway or gatc-val\' e,' 7, and to that,h'y an oblique flange, d, a cross suction-pipe, l),which extends, by reason of the oblique flange (1., at

0 a downwardineline to and is connected by another oblique flange, IF, with a right-angle flange, it, upon the well-head c, which is attached to the upper end of the well-tube E, usually by a screwthrezuled joint. The crosspipes 1) usually have an area at least double that of the well or wells it connected with them. The well-head c, as shown in, Fig 7 ,is madeintheformol' a cross-litting,having sockets 1/41 which are in line, respectively, with the cross-pipe and the well-tube L, and which are closed by plugslc". By removing these plugs an implement may be introduced in.

through. the cross-pipe l or the well-tube E, for cleaning it, and, if desired, another crosspipe, or an extension connected with another the side flanges, (if, and these end flanges, a,

are made of such diameter as to leave the inner surface 01' the side flanges, c", beyond the less) in every twenty-five to forty feet.

line of extreme diameter of the main. flanges 0. These shapes and proportions insure easy, cheap, and accurate fitting, ready access to bolts and nuts, and permit the turning of the faces and edges of all the flanges on a lathe, with moderate swing and of but two adjust ments. The lon sections 0 of the suctionmains are made of such length as will place the 7 wellsE at a suitable distance apart longitudinally of the mains, according to the nature of the soil, and preferably they are placed on lines parallel with and on the sides of the suction-mains, their distances usually being the same in a direction transverse to the mains as in a direction parallel with the main.

From the receiver beyond the expanded sections 0 the mains are continued throughout of the same diameter as the smaller ends of the expanded sections 0, notwithstanding that as the distance from the receiver increases less water passes through them. This, equalize's the delivery from'the'wells at different distances from the pump,and theincreased amount of material is also compensated for by the decreased friction of the water, the saving of labor, and the convenience for connecting and.

Starting from thewells'E, thecross-pipes D- have each a rise of about one to three inches in their length toward the suction-main, and

the suction-mains each have a slight rise through their entire length toward the receiver, which may be usually an inch (more or p This rise in the mains toward thev receiver may be secured while using right-angle flanges by the elasticity of the rubber gaskets, or by inserting a gasket of the proper taper thickness in the flrstjoint at the valve 0, and thereby any required degree of ascent toward the receiver may be obtained. of all the lateral pipes of the system toward the receiver insures the escape through the crosspipes and mains to the receiver of' any air that may enter by any possible leaks in the This arrangement or rise.

wells or connections,'whence it-is removed by the air-pump, as I shall soon-describe.

In order to avoid f reezingin severe weather, if the operation of the pump bcstopped for the purpose of examination or making any necessary repairs, I provide for emptying the pipes of the system, except a small quantity, of water, which may remain in the receiver and at the extreme outer ends of the suctionmains below the cross-pipe openings, by opening the air-cock l, which is provided on the receiver. This cock being opened to admit air, the water in the suetion-1nainsand cross pipesD will flow downward, owing to the slight inclination of the mains and pipes, and be returned to the wells.

The water which is in the extremeouter ends of the suction-11mins may be discharged from the mains by a cock provided at the outer and lower end of each .main. The waterremaining in the receiver below the openings of the pump water.

from communication with the suction-mains:

without stopping the pump, and the valves 0 in the suction-mains near the receiver A provide for cutting oii any 'scctionwith all its well-tubes without stopping the pump, and without interfering with the operation of the remainder of the system.

As I have before described, any air which may leak into the system will, by reason of the ascent of all the pipes toward the receiver A, be 'discharged .thereinto, and to provide for removing the air from the receiver and maintaining a partial vacuum therein I employ a pipe. H, extending upward from the receiver to a height beyond that to which the atmosphere will force water; or, in other words, beyond thirty-three or thirty-four feet, and which is connected with a vacuum-pump or airpump, H, which may be of any suitable character.- Owing tothe height of the pipe H, the pump H may be operated continuously to keep the receiver free of air, and will never The operation of the air-pump H willremove either the entire pressure of the atmosphere from the surface of the water in 1 the receiver, or such proportion thereof as may be desired.

The expanding or taper sectionsC of the snction-mains are important, as by them the delivery of water is greatly increased, while its velocity in passing through them, just beforeentering the receiver, is reduced over one-halfignnd the remaining velocity is again reduced one-half in passing through the re ceiver to the suction-pipe B, leaving then but one-quarter the initial velocity of the water. By thus reducing the velocity of the waterits capacity to carry sand or sediment heavier than water is reduced. at the ratio of the square of the velocity, or to one-sixteenth.

In case auysand'or sediment'should enter the well, through any possible defect of the tubes 'orstrainers, and be carried forward in expanding pipes or sections 0 being washed down their inwardly-inclined bottom surface into the receiver by the reduced current of water. y

Within the receiver is a false bottom of metal, which is, inclined downward from all sides toward the center of the receiver. This false bottom i may be made in sections, so as to admit of its ready removal and replacement. The sand and sediment entering the receiver will wash down the steep incline of the false bottom by gravity to its center, and may at any time be removed by the sandpump I, having a suction-pipe, 13, leading to the center of the false bottom. The suctionpipe 1 leading to the sandpump I, may be provided with a slop -valve, i, below the pump, as shown in Fig. 2. y

To still further increase the'delivery of water through the suction-pipe B without an increase of power, I insert within the receiver I will now describe that part of my invention which relates to the construction of the well-tubes E, and which is illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, In the usual method of making a tube-well it is customary to. admit water only through a strainer point at ornear the bottom end and to draw water only from a single stratum; but wherever pipewells are practicable it is usual to find two, three, or more strata of water-bearing earth, sand, or gravel at various distances from the surface, sometimes as low as two hundred or more feet, the

diii'erent strata being practically disconnected from'each other by intermediate strata of extremely-fi'ne sand, quicksand, hard-pan, clay, or otheranal'erial ncarl y or quite impervious to water. The water in these different strata frequently variesin quality, but ordinarily two, and sometimes all, of the different strata yield water of a satisfactory quality, the water from each usually rising in the wells to a level with the surface water, and frequently from the lower strata, considerably above that level, and at times above the earths surface suiiicient to cause a continuous flow. 1

It is impracticable todadmit water into the well-tube throughout its entire length beneath the surfacel of the water, both onaccount of its varying quality, and forthe reasonof the occurrence, as stated; of very fine sand and earth, quicksamhsoftmlay, &c in the intermediate strata,as thesematcrials will pass the finest strainer-sand destroy the limpidity of the water. -It would i also. increase the first cost of putting down, and danger of breakage and injury in doing it.

By my improved system, after ascertaining by any of the well known methods-as, for'example, by a trial-well--the depths and thicknesses of the water-bearing strata and thequality of water in each, either an open tube with j and the plain pipe-sections], which are a strainer attached to its lower end,ora strain er-point,with or without an extension-strainer attached,is connected with such lengths of tubing as will reach from the lower stratum selected to the next available stratum above it. An extension-strainer (a section of strainer similar to that which forms a portion of the point) eta greater or less length-say {rom two to fourfeetfinore or less)-as the thickness and nature of the strata indicate to be most desirable, is then attached, and to it, in proper lengths, as conyenient, enough plain pipe to reach from that second stratum to the next available one above, if there be three or more strata desirable to\utilize. The pipe is then sunk to the proper distance and position,and

when other sections of the strainerextensions 'diflerent strata, and j designates the sections of. plain pipe which are introduced between the strainer-sections. In Fig. 6, j designates the couplings whereby the strainer-sections 1mperi'orate, are coupled together.

The underground, over, and under lying water-bearing strata in the same locality frequent- 1y extend to long distances without communicating with each other,and often receive their supplies from widely separated localities.

This is shown by the chemical variations and difference in temperature of water from strata separated by only a few feet of clay or other soil. bearing strata exist, the amount of Water obtainable from a given area is usually largely increased and the labor of the pumps de creased by the easier and more abundant flow secured by opeuing'counections from the several strata with each well.

I do not claim, broadly, herein the combination,with avcssel or casing to receive liquid, and from which air is to be exhaused, of an air-pun1p connected therewith by apipc which extends from the'vcsscl or casing upward beyond the limit of atmospheric pressure to raise said liquid, such a combination forms the subject of. my pendingimplication, Serial No. ZOtASl, June 8, 1886.

What I claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is"

l. The special section for the suction-main, consisting of a short section of pipe having flanges at opposite ends, and branches curv ing from its opposite sides and provided with flanges, substantially as herein described.

Where two or more separate water-- 2. The special section 0 for the suctionmain, consisting of a short section of pipe having flanges c" at opposite ends, and having curved lateral branches 0 on opposite sides, also pr'ovidedwith flanges 0', each pair of flanges c and 0 having their faces exposed bcyond the peripheries of the flanges of the other pair, substantially as herein described. 7 5

3. Asuction-main composed of alternate long sections of plain flanged pipe and intervening special sections, each consisting of a short section of pipe provided at the ends with flanges, and also having at opposite sides v8o curved lateral branches, also provided with flanges, substantiallyas herein described.

4. The combination, with a main composed of long sections of plain flanged pipe,andspecial sections, each consisting of a short see tion of flanged pipe having at opposite sides curved lateral branches provided with flanges, of straight-way valves secured to said lateral branches, and cross-pipes extending from the valves and connected with well-tubes, sub 0 stantially as herein described, I

5. The combination, witha suction-main and well-tubes at the side or sides thereoflof crosspipes connecting the well-tubes with the main, and having a slight rise or upwardinclination 5 from the well-tubes toward the main, substantially as and fo r the purpose herein described.

(3. The combination, with a receiver and series of well-tubes, of a suction-main through which water from the several well-tubes is TOO conducted to the receiver, and which has a slight rise or upward inclination from the outer end toward the receiver, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

7. The combination, with a receiver, of a 05 system of well-tubes connected therewith by laterally-extending pipes, all of which have a slight rise toward the receiver to insure the passage of all air from the well-tubes and con necting-pipes to the receiver, substantially as 1 IO herein described.

8. I The con'ibination, with a receiver and a series of well-tubes, of a suction-main connecting the well-tubes with the receiver, and comprising at the receiver a linalscction which expands or is of a gradually-increasing diameter-toward the receiver, substantially as herein described.

9, The combination, with a receiverand a series of well-tubes, ol' asuction-main, whereby [20 the well-tubcs are connected with the receiver, and which comprises at the receiver a iinal section which expands or gradually increases in diameter toward the receiver, and a valve at the smaller end 01' said iinal section of the main, substantially as herein described.

10. The combinatiij-m, with a receiver and a suction-main leading thereto, and comprising at the receiver a linal section which expands or isol' increasing diameter toward the main, 1 o

ol'a valve at the smallcrend 05 said linal section, we'll-tubes arranged at the side or sides of the main, and cross-pipes connecting the well-tubes with the main and provided at the I the false bottom, substantially as herein described. I 12. The combination, with a receiver naving a false bottom, of a system of well-tubes and a suction-main with which the well-tubes are connected, and which is joined .to the receivcr above the false bottom by a final section which expands or increases -in diameter toward the receiver, substantially as herein described.

13. The combination, with a wel1-tube and a cross-pipe through which water is delivered has a slight upward rise toward the receiver,

and comprises at the receiver a final section which expands or is of increasing diameter toward the receiver, and the bottom of which is inclined downward to the receiver, substantially as herein described.

16. The combination,with a closed receiver, of a suction-main, with which are connected a series of well-tubes, and by which the water from said well-tubes is delivered to the receiver, and an air-inlet cock on the receiver. which, when opened, allows air to enter and the water to fall in the main and series of well-tubes, substantially as herein described.

17. The combination, with a closed receiver provided with an air-inlet cock, and asystem of well-tubes connected therewith, of a sepa- "rate well-tlibe' com mii ni'catin gwitlrthc receiver and terminating as a siphon therein, whereby water will be removed from the receiver when the air-cock is opened, substantially as herein described.

18. The combination, with a receiver and a system of well-tubes connected therewith, of a suction-pipe by which a pump may be connected with the receiver, and which has at its inlet end within the receiver a vena contracta or bellmonth, substantially as herein 'described.

19. The combinatiomwitli"a closed receiver and a system of well-tubes connected therewith, of a vacuum-pump or air-pump. and a pipe extending upward from the receiver'beyond the limit of atmospheric pressure, to raise water, and through which said pump may withdraw air from the receiver, snbstanially as herein described.

20. The combinatiomwith a closed receiver and a system of well-tubes connected therewith by cross-pipes, and mains having a slight rise or upwardinclinationtoward the receiver, of an air-pump or vacuum-pump connected with the receiver by a pipe which extends upward from the receiver beyond the limit of atmospheric pressure, to raise water, substantially as herein described.

\VILLIAllI DRAPER ANDREWS. Witnesses:

ln'rmc C. J AUOBSUN,

C. HALL. 

